When you say you changed the fuel pump, was it the fuel lift pump on stbd side of engine, or the high pressure pump that feeds the injectors? My guess is that there is a problem somewhere between the inlet to the fuel filter to the inlet of the HP fuel pump, or bad compression (e.g. stuck valve or bad valve seat).

Try using a compression tester to make sure you have adequate pressure built up in the cylinders. Have the HP fuel pump bench tested at a diesel shop and while they're at it, check the individual cylinder timing. You should have very high pressure out of the HP fuel pump (don't have spec handy but I believe over 500psi). Have the injectors pop tested and see if the nozzles need replacement.